In this subchapter links to guidelines for general and acute stroke treatment, and for prevention of stroke are available.
Sources for Guidelines and Consensus Statements
General Guidelines
National Clinical Guidelines for Stroke (Updated 2002)
Royal College of Physicians (Concise Guide)
Report of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Workshop on Perinatal and Childhood Stroke (2002).
Journal link: Pediatrics (log in may be required)
Summary: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
Abstract: PubMed
Recognition and Treatment of Stroke in Children (2000)
Brain Attack Coalition - Ad Hoc Committee on in Children
Consensus Conference on Stroke Treatment and Service Delivery (2000)
Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
Stroke Consensus Statements (2000)
3rd Karolinska Stroke Update
American Heart Association Stroke Outcome Classification (1998)
Journal link: Stroke (log in may be required)
American Heart Association Prevention Conference IV: Prevention and Rehabilitation of Stroke (1997).
Executive Summary (see individual sections below)
Journal link: Circulation (log in may be required)
Recognition and Treatment of Stroke in Children (1997)
The Child Neurology Society Ad Hoc Committee on Stroke in Children.� (National Institute for Neurologic Disorders and Stroke)
Acute Guidelines
Recommendations for Stroke Management (2003)
European Stroke Initiative (PowerPoint version)
Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Ischemic Stroke (2003)
American Stroke Association Scientific Statement
Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Agents in Acute Ischemic Stroke (2002)
American Heart Association Scientific Statement
Journal link: Stroke (log in may be required)
Use of Intravenous tPA for the Management of Acute Stroke in the Emergency Department (2002)
American College of Emergency Physicians
Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke (2002)
Thrombosis Interest Group of Canada
Brain Attack Coalition - Acute Stroke Toolbox
Tools for health care professionals developing systems to enable the rapid diagnosis and treatment of acute stroke.�
Includes patient management guidelines and pathways.
Guide to Anticoagulant Therapy: Heparin (2001)
American Heart Association Scientific Statement
Journal link: Circulation (log in may be required)
Recommendations for clinical trial evaluation of acute stroke therapies (2001).
Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable II (STAIR-II)..
Journal link: Stroke (log in may be required)
Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke (2001).
Consensus Statement of the 3rd Karolinska Stroke Update
Journal link: Stroke (log in may be required)
Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke (2001)
From: Sixth ACCP Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy
Journal link: Chest (log in may be required)
Acute Treatment of Ischemic Stroke (2000)
European Stroke Initiative�( pdf version)
Recommendations for the Management of Patients With Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms (2000)
American Heart Association Medical/Scientific Statement
Journal link: Stroke (log in may be required)
Consensus Conference on Stroke Treatment and Service Delivery (2000).
Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
Stroke Consensus Statements (2000)
3rd Karolinska Stroke Update
Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (1999)
American Heart Association Scientific Statement
Journal link: Stroke (log in may be required)
Canadian Guidelines for Intravenous Thrombolytic Treatment in Acute Stroke (1998)
A Consensus Statement of The Canadian Stroke Consortium
Management of patients with stroke part I: Assessment, investigation, immediate management and secondary prevention (1997)
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)
(Quick Reference Guide)
Practice Guidelines for the Use of Imaging in Transient Ischemic Attacks and Acute Stroke (1997)
American Heart Association Medical/Scientific Statement
Journal link: Stroke (log in may be required)
Acute Stroke Treatment Guidelines (1997)
National Institute for Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, NIH.(Executive Summary)
American Heart Association Prevention Conference IV: Prevention and Rehabilitation of Stroke: Acute Interventions (1997)
Executive Summary
Journal link: Circulation (log in may be required)
Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke (1996)
American Academy of Neurology Practice Advisory
Guidelines for Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Stroke: A Supplement to the Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke (1996)
American Heart Association Medical/Scientific Statement
Journal link: Circulation (log in may be required)
Guidelines for the Management of Transient Ischemic Attacks (1994)
American Heart Association Medical/Scientific Statement
Guidelines for the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (1994)
American Heart Association Medical/Scientific Statement
Prevention Guidelines
The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (2003)
US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH (reference card)
Primary Prevention of Hypertension: Clinical and Public Health Advisory from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program (2003)
US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH
Role of Warfarin in Primary or Secondary Stroke Prevention (2002)
Stroke Council of the American Heart Association
AHA Guidelines for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke: 2002 Update (2002)
American Heart Association
Journal link: Circulation (log in may be required)
Recommendations for the Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms (2002)
American Heart Association Scientific Statement
Prevention of Ischemic Stroke (2002)
Thrombosis Interest Group of Canada
Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (2002).
Thrombosis Interest Group of Canada
Recommendations for the Management of Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations (2001)
American Heart Association Scientific Statement
Journal link: Stroke (log in may be required)
ACC/AHA/ESC Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (2001) (pdf available)
American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association - Executive Summary
Stanol/Sterol Ester-Containing Foods and Blood Cholesterol Levels (2001)
American Heart Association Science Advisory
Journal link: Circulation (log in may be required)
ATP III At-A-Glance: Quick Desk Reference (2001)
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's updated cholesterol guidelines.
Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke (2001)
American Heart Association Medical/Scientific Statement
Journal link: Stroke (log in may be required)
Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation (2001)
From: Sixth ACCP Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy
Journal links: Chest (log in may be required)
Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke (2001)
From: Sixth ACCP Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy
Journal links: Chest (log in may be required)
Screening and Management of Hyperhomocysteinemia for the Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease Events (2000)
Canadian Task Force on Preventitive Health Care
Treatment guidelines--primary and secondary prevention of stroke (2000)
Medical Commission of the German Medical Society.�
[Article in German]
Risk factors and stroke prevention (2000)
European Stroke Initiative (pdf version)
Recommendations for the Management of Patients With Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms (2000)
American Heart Association Medical/Scientific Statement
Journal link: Stroke (log in may be required)
Stroke Consensus Statements (2000)
3rd Karolinska Stroke Update
Consensus Conference on Stroke Treatment and Service Delivery (2000)
Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
Preventing Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Prior Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack (1999)
American Heart Association Medical/Scientific Statement
Journal link: Stroke (log in may be required)
Italian Guidelines for Stroke Prevention (1999)
Stroke Prevention and Educational Awareness Diffusion (SPREAD) Collaboration
Prevention of a first stroke (1999)
A review of guidelines and a multidisciplinary consensus statement from the National Stroke Association
Journal link: JAMA (log in may be required)
Guidelines for Carotid Endarterectomy (1998)
American Heart Association Medical/Scientific Statement
Journal link: Circulation (log in may be required)
Carotid Stenting and Angioplasty (1998)
American Heart Association Medical/Scientific Statement
Journal link: Circulation (log in may be required)
Stroke Prevention in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation (1998)
American Academy of Neurology Practice Parameter
Management of patients with stroke part I: Assessment, investigation, immediate management and secondary prevention (1997)
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)
(Quick Reference Guide)
Management of patients with stroke part II: Management of carotid stenosis and carotid endarterectomy (1997)
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) (Quick Reference Guide)
Consensus Against Both Endarterectomy and Routine Screening for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis (1997)
Canadian Stroke Consortium
Practice Guidelines for the Use of Imaging in Transient Ischemic Attacks and Acute Stroke (1997)
American Heart Association Medical/Scientific Statement
Journal link: Stroke (log in may be required)
Cigarette Smoking, Cardiovascular Disease, and Stroke (1997)
American Heart Association Medical/Scientific Statement
Journal link: Circulation (log in may be required)
American Heart Association Prevention Conference IV: Prevention and Rehabilitation of Stroke: Rehabilitation (1997).
Executive Summary
Journal link: Circulation (log in may be required)
Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (1997)
US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH�
(Pocket Guide)
Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (1996)
American Heart Association Medical/Scientific Statement
Journal link: Circulation (log in may be required)
Stroke Prevention: Recommendations (1995)
The Secondary and Tertiary Prevention of Stroke Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR)
Asymptomatic Carotid Disease (1994)
Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care
Guidelines for the Management of Transient Ischemic Attacks (1994)
American Heart Association Medical/Scientific Statement
Guide to Anticoagulant Therapy Part 2: Oral Anticoagulants (1994)
Recovery Guidelines
Management of dementia (an evidence-based review) (2001)
Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
Also: Summary Version for Physicians, and Summary Version for Families
Diagnosis of dementia (an evidence-based review) (2001)
Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
National Clinical Guidelines for Stroke Update (2002)
Royal College of Physicians (Concise Guide)
Care after Stroke (2000) (for patients and caregivers)
Royal College of Physicians
Consensus Conference on Stroke Treatment and Service Delivery (2000)
Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
Management of patients with stroke part IV: Rehabilitation, prevention and management of complications, and discharge planning (1998)
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)
American Heart Association Prevention Conference IV: Prevention and Rehabilitation of Stroke: Rehabilitation (1997)
Journal link: Stroke (log in may be required)
Management of patients with stroke part III: Identification and management of dysphagia (1997)
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) (Quick Reference Guide)
Post-Stroke Rehabilitation (Clinical Guide #16) (1995)
Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR)
Post-Stroke Rehabilitation (Quick Reference Guide #16) (1995)
Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR)
Stroke Care Organization Guidelines
Recommendations for Improving the Quality of Care Through Stroke Centers and Systems: An Examination of Stroke Center Identification Options (2002)
American Stroke Association Multidisciplinary Consensus Recommendations
Journal link: Stroke (log in may be required)
Organization of Stroke Care: Education, Stroke Units and Rehabilitation (2000)
European Stroke Initiative��(version)
Recommendations for the creation of neurovascular units (2000)
French Neurovascular Society (Societe Francaise Neuro-Vasculaire)
[Article in French]
Recommendations for the use of intravenous thrombolytic therapy in cerebrovascular ischemic accident (2000)
French Society of Neurovascular Disorders
Recommendations for the Establishment of Primary Stroke Centers (2000)
Brain Attack Coalition�(version)
Consensus Conference on Stroke Treatment and Service Delivery (2000)
Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
Stroke Center Recommendations (1999)
National Stroke Association
Acute Stroke Treatment Guidelines (1997)
National Institute for Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, NIH
(Executive Summary)
Diagnosis Guidelines
Screening and Treatment of Hyperhomocysteinemia (2002)
Thrombosis Interest Group of Canada
International Normalized Ratio (INR) System (2002)
Thrombosis Interest Group of Canada
ACR Standard for the Performance of Computed Tomography (CT) in the Extracranial Head and Neck in Adults and Children (2001)
American College of Radiology
Investigation for Suspected Hypercoagulable States (Thrombophilias) (2000)
Thrombosis Interest Group of Canada
Magnetic Resonance Angiography- Update on Applications for Extracranial Arteries (1999)
American Heart Association Scientific Statement
Journal link: Circulation (log in may be required)
Use of Ambulatory Electrocardiography for the Detection of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Stroke (1999)
Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care
Echocardiography for the Detection of a Cardiac Source of Embolus in Patients with Stroke (1999)
Journal link: Canadian Medical Association Journal (log in may be required)
ACR Standard for the Performance of Computed Tomography (CT) in Neuroradiologic Imaging of Adults and Children (1998)
American College of Radiology
ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography (1997)
A Report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
Journal link: Circulation (log in may be required)
Practice Guidelines for the Use of Imaging in Transient Ischemic Attacks and Acute Stroke (1997)
American Heart Association Medical/Scientific Statement
Journal link: Stroke (log in may be required)
Applications of transcranial doppler ultrasound in neuroanesthesia
Stephan Strebel, Department of Anaesthesia, University of Basel, Switzerland. Includes detailed technical description of TCD and use in anesthesia.
Imaging Guidelines
Guidelines and Recommendations for Perfusion Imaging in Cerebral Ischemia (2003)
American Heart Association Scientific Statement
American College of Radiology Standards
ACR Standard for Performing and Interpreting Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Brain (2002)
Standard for the Performance and Interpretation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Head and Neck (2002)
ACR Standard for the Performance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Adult Spine of the Spine (2002)
ACR Standard for the Performance of Ultrasound Examination of the Extracranial Cerebrovascular System (2002)
ACR Standard for Performing and Interpreting Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (2001)
ACR Standard for the Performance of Pediatric and Adult Neurovascular Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) (2000)
Standard for the Performance of Diagnostic Cervicocerebral Angiography in Adults (1999)
Recommendations for the Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms (2002)
American Heart Association Scientific Statement
Quality Improvement Guidelines for Adult Diagnostic Neuroangiography and Other Procedures (2000)
Society of Cardiovascular & Interventional Radiology
Use Of Ambulatory Electrocardiography For The Detection Of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation In Patients With Stroke (2000)
Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care
Echocardiography for the detection of a cardiac source of embolus in patients with stroke (1999)
Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care
Carotid Stenting and Angioplasty (1998)
American Heart Association Medical/Scientific Statement
Journal link: Circulation (log in may be required)
ACC/AHA Guidelines for Ambulatory Electrocardiography (1999)
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (available)
ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography (1997)
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (available)
Practice Guidelines for the Use of Imaging in Transient Ischemic Attacks and Acute Stroke (1997)
American Heart Association Medical/Scientific Statement
Journal link: Stroke (log in may be required)
Echocardiographic Identification of Cardiovascular Sources of Emboli To Guide Clinical Management of Stroke: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (1997)
Annals of Internal Medicine 1 November 1997. 127:775-787.
Cost-Effectiveness of Screening for Carotid Stenosis in Asymptomatic Persons (1997)
Annals of Internal Medicine 1 March 1997. 126:337-346.
Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Vascular and Flow Imaging (1994)
Agency for Health Care Policy and Research
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